The Indian Penal Code (IPC), which was replaced by Bharatiya Nyaya Samhita in December 2023, came into force on this day.
The First Law Commission, chaired by Thomas Babington Macaulay, prepared the draft of the IPC in 1834.
It was based on the law of England and also the Napoleonic Code and Edward Livingston’s Louisiana Civil Code of 1825.
The first final draft was submitted to the Governor-General of India in Council in 1837, but the process of drafting was not yet completed.
Following the Uprising of 1857, the draft was again revised meticulously by Barnes Peacock, who was to become the first chief justice of Calcutta High Court, and the future puisne judges of the Calcutta High Court. It was passed into law on October 6, 1860. It came into force on January 1, 1862. It was not applicable automatically in the princely states, which had their own legal systems till the 40s.
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